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Written by : Josie Martellaro |
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hi i'm stan muller this is crash course intellectual property and today we're talking about trademarks trademarks are everywhere and they can often be confusing so today we're going to talk about why just about everything seems to be trademarked and why trademarks are good for business mr mueller trademarks don't intersect with my life so i really don't see why we need to cover this one it's mueller and two just watch the video a trademark is any word name symbol or device used to identify and distinguish goods from those manufactured or sold by others and to indicate the source of the goods even if that source is unknown this bit about unknown sources means that you as a consumer don't usually know the person or factory that actually made the goods you buy before the industrial revolution you often knew exactly who was making your stuff and how it was made if you wanted a hammer you went to the blacksmith and you knew his name it was probably smith these days brand names assure you that you're buying the same product say toilet paper that you bought last time you went shopping you know like the stuff with the ripples seriously though getting the wrong medication because of brand name confusion or counterfeiting could be disastrous the rationale for granting legal protection for trademarks is that they're a type of property it demonstrates to the purchasing public a standard of quality and embodies the goodwill and advertising investment of its owner in other words companies expend a tremendous amount of resources to develop the product market it to customers and provide customer support and back up their product with warranties at its core trademark law functions as a consumer protection measure it prevents consumer confusion and makes it easier for consumers to select and purchase the goods and services they want for example if you go shopping for a new television you don't have to sift through dozens of products that are confusingly similar to samsung knockoffs like samsung or wamsung or sony you want the samsung maybe based on past experience or the company's reputation or even a funny ad because the law protects the manufacturer's use of the trademark you can be reasonably sure that the tv you're picking up at best buy is the tv you saw the verge reporters freaking out about at ces though trademarks are often classified as intellectual property the supreme court held in the 1879 trademark cases that congress has no power to protect or regulate trademarks under the intellectual property clause of the constitution which as you'll recall provides congress with the authority to regulate and protect copyrights and patents but this didn't stop congress from regulating trademarks they used the commerce clause of the constitution which gives them the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several states and with the indian tribes beyond trademarks there are also service marks which are very similar in that they distinguish one particular service an example of a service mark is that roaring lion at the beginning of mgm movies it's registered for motion picture production or something trade dress or product packaging is protected if it's distinctive and non-functional like the shape of a nutter butter cookie is protected trade dress what they ought to trademark is the smell some people have registered smells and we'll get to that in a minute trademarks are symbols and since human beings might use as a symbol or device almost anything that is capable of carrying meaning just about any conceivable thing can function as a trademark trademarks can be words like craft or lego logos designs like the nike swoosh aromas like there's a brand of oil for race cars that smells like cherries sounds like bong bong bong or bada or bada papa even though is a registered trademark you can register colors like ups brown or home depot orange or tiffany blue or john deere green personal names like taylor swift t swizzy's name is registered for 61 different goods and services from shoes to christmas tree ornaments even containers like the coca-cola bottle or this perfume bottle shaped like a human skull can be registered in short they can be almost anything that distinguishes the product from others and which signifies the source of the goods despite the breadth of potential trademark subject matter there are some limits on what can be a valid trademark recently a restaurant in texas asserted trademark rights in the flavor of its pizza one of the restaurant's former employees allegedly stole the recipe and opened up a competing pizza joint selling pizzas that tasted a lot like those made by his former employer the judge rejected the claim and dismissed the case finding that it is unlikely that flavors can ever be inherently distinctive because they do not automatically suggest a product source also functional product features are not protectable under trademark law pizza has only one function that's to taste delicious so there are three requirements for trademarks we just discussed the first one that a trademark has to be a symbol or device that a court or the patent and trademark office deems to qualify the second requirement is that the mark has to be used in interstate commerce and the third is that it has to identify the mark owner's goods and distinguish them from those manufactured or sold by others it has to be distinctive let's talk about trademarks and what makes them distinctive in the thought window quartz rank trademark distinctiveness along a spectrum ranging from unprotectable to highly protectable at the bottom end of the spectrum is generic generic names refer to stuff like using the word orange for the fruit or dog for the canine or cheese for cheese descriptive terms simply describe the goods and convey an immediate idea of what the product is such as break and bake for scored cookie dough suggestive marks require some imagination or perception to link them to the goods like chic for middle eastern food or fruit loops for a circular fruit flavored breakfast cereal arbitrary marks are common words used in unexpected ways apple for computers or amazon for book sales or shelf for gasoline the most distinctive marks are usually made up words fanciful marks are non-dictionary words such as google for an internet search engine or clorox for bleach or kodak for film fanciful arbitrary and suggestive marks receive automatic protection upon use because they're considered to be inherently distinctive so the owner of the break and bake mark has to show that consumers identify the product with nabisco or pillsbury or whoever makes the product i honestly don't know who makes it which isn't a good sign as to whether it's acquired secondary meaning generic terms are never entitled to protection this becomes important when trademarks are gradually assimilated into the language as common names through a process sometimes called generocide the public comes to view such names as referring to the products themselves rather than as distinguishing the source of the products as a result the name loses its protection words like escalators cel
Thanks for your comment Charlie Wanca, have a nice day.
- Josie Martellaro, Staff Member
here's a great question from Korra he is a trademark and asset or an expense my name is Andre Minka from the founder of trademark factory and here's my answer to this question well it really depends on how you look at it it could be an expensive could be an investment it could be an asset it could be something completely worthless it really depends on what are you doing with that brand because a trademark is never a final goal it's a means to an end it's either you look at it as potentially an insurance against losing your own brand or being forced to rebrand or insurance against having to spend a lot of money trying to defend your brand against somebody else trying to copy it from you just with a registered trademark it's a lot easier and cheaper to enforce that so that's the insurance side of trademarks or it could be an asset if you decide to license franchise your business because nobody's ever gonna buy a franchise from you if you don't own the brand because the brand is really the most valuable part of that deal and really whether it's an expense well it is an expense you do spend something on it but I prefer to look at it as an investment because if you're not planning to do anything with your mark if you're not planning to build a brand around your business a brand that means something in brand that's worth something but it's not just an expense it's just a waste of money don't do that but if you are hoping to build a successful business if you are hoping to build something that matters you need a brand to go with that because that's what people are gonna find you that's how people are gonna find you that's what they're gonna remember about you and that's what's gonna generate that goodwill about you so then it's not an expense that it's an investment and you evaluate that investment as you evaluate any other investment based on the return it gives you right if you spend a couple thousand dollars to get your brand trademarked and then it becomes worth millions and millions and millions on it's a pretty good investment right if you look at the most valuable brand in the world today Amazon it's worth more than three hundred fifteen billion dollars three hundred billion dollars it's it's it's it's unfathomable number but if you try thinking about it three hundred fifteen billion dollars okay and let's say it cost them three thousand dollars through trade market back in 1995 when Jeff Bezos follow their first trade mark for amazon.com books like 20 years ago so let's say he grew 3000 to 300 billion i I can't even count how many percent it is so you know a thousand times that would be three million million times that would be three billion so a hundred million times is that is the Menai counting correctly I don't know how many percent is that that's pretty good return on investment if you can spend three thousand dollars and in the end of the day 20 years from now get an acid that's worth three hundred fifteen billion dollars I don't know any other investment that can give you that return trade marks can act almost like a lottery ticket right you spend just a little bit and sometimes you will wind up with something massively valuable oftentimes it will be somewhat valuable right even if you don't grow your business to be 300 billion dollars right if it's just 10 billion dollars so maybe $1,000,000 or maybe it's even six figures it's still worth it it's still worth it it's not an expense and if you start a business and the business doesn't pan out nobody wants to buy your products or your services or the brand that you came up with doesn't resonate with people then it's not really inexpensive just a waste but that's that's a part of what what it means to be an entrepreneur that's part of what it means to build a business some of them will work some of them won't it's your responsibility it's your risk as an entrepreneur and the only reason we do it is because there is a reward in front of us and treat your brand treat your trademark just as one of those investments you make in your business right so ask yourself it's hiring people who help you build your business is that an expense or an investment is I don't know renting an office renting a store building a website building your products everything about the business you can look at it as an expense you can look at it as an asset you can look at it as an investment and really the the only the only factor here is what are you hoping to get out of it if you're not hoping to get anything out of it it's waste it's an expense if you are doing it because you think it will give you an opportunity to build a stronger business then it's an investment some investments will work some will not but at least you have to have an intention for your brand and your trademark to have a return for you if you're serious about this if you have a brand that you want to protect go to trade my factory comm and book your free call with our strategy advisers and they'll be able to walk you through the process and see if you're the right fit to get started on our trade mocking offer and either way whether you use our services or not I hope this video answers your question and if it does like the video subscribe get notified of another the next one goes live and if you have a question for me that you want me to answer in a video just like this one post a comment below ask your question in your comment and I'll do my best to record a video and answer your question and until then I will see you in the next video
Thanks Debra your participation is very much appreciated
- Josie Martellaro
About the author
I've studied immigration policy at Peirce College in Philadelphia and I am an expert in zootomy. I usually feel loved. My previous job was health educators I held this position for 14 years, I love talking about philately and bagpipes. Huge fan of Hailee Steinfeld I practice football and collect chemical elements.
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